Acute diabetes-related complications, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), pose significant health risks to youth with diabetes. These complications often occur during periods of poor glycemic control or during acute illness, and they are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized and treated. This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these acute complications in pediatric populations. Special emphasis is placed on prevention strategies, including the role of education, early detection, and effective insulin management. Understanding these complications is crucial for clinicians and caregivers to mitigate the risk of severe outcomes in diabetic youth.
