Chronic periodontitis is a poly-microbial immune-inflammatory disease which causes the destruction of supporting structures of the tooth.Prevalence of periodontitis in the global population is 10 % with severe periodontitis and these levels have not changed in the past 20 years.There was a recognized close association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Diabetes is considered as a risk factor to develop periodontitis and those with untreated periodontitis leads to poorer glycemic control. Both diseases are proposed to have an inflammatory mechanism that links common pathways for pathophysiological processes.The pathways which link inflammatory processes include altered polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) function, increased adipokine production and altered apoptosis. This could lead to activation of inflammatory reactions causing the release of increased inflammatory cytokines production in patients with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus with bidirectional influences.
