Diabetes and obesity are becoming more commonplace worldwide. Obese people have significant rates of vitamin deficiencies while overindulging in food. Diabetes may occur in the obese population as a result of deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals that are crucial for insulin signalling pathways and glucose metabolism. This essay evaluates the available data that backs up this claim.
A significant health challenge is the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in both developed and developing countries. One of the main causes of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance is obesity. The primary cause of type 1 diabetes is insulin insufficiency brought on by the autoimmune-mediated death of pancreatic beta cells. This is typically followed by changes in lipid metabolism, increased inflammation and oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia, endothelial cell failure, and apoptosis. Similar to type- 1 diabetes, type-2 diabetes is characterised by increased inflammation, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and apoptosis, which result in the progressive death of beta cells and, in the later stages of the disease, insulin insufficiency. Therefore, inflammation in diabetes may be brought on by immunological response or hyperglycemia. Elevated inflammatory events, however, may impact insulin responsiveness in target tissues, leading to insulin resistance, as well as insulin production in type-2 and type-1 diabetes. Although type-2 diabetes has historically been linked to insulin resistance, growing evidence suggests that type-1 diabetes is now seeing an increase in insulin resistance. Deciphering the role of inflammation in insulin resistance in type-1 and type-2 diabetes, therefore, requires fresh mechanistic techniques. The pathophysiological causes of insulin resistance are numerous. Although the precise nature of these components is not well understood, a strong majority of experts agree that oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic, dietary, environmental, and epigenetic factors are involved.
