Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function. The role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in T2DM pathophysiology has garnered increasing attention. This review explores the multifaceted involvement of HSPs in various facets of T2DM development and progression. HSPs, a family of molecular chaperones, play crucial roles in protein folding, cellular homeostasis, and stress response. In the context of T2DM, HSPs exhibit dynamic interactions with key signaling pathways implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation, and beta-cell dysfunction. This review comprehensively examines the impact of HSPs on cellular mechanisms, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses relevant to T2DM. Furthermore, it discusses the potential therapeutic implications of modulating HSP activity in the management of T2DM. By elucidating the intricate interplay between HSPs and T2DM pathophysiology, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the disease, opening avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.
