The health and functioning of the biosphere are inextricably linked to the rapid anthropogenic climate change that we are witnessing in the early twenty-first century. Ecosystems are being impacted by climate change due to changes in mean conditions and variability, as well as other changes such as increased ocean acidification and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Other stresses on ecosystems, such as degradation, definition, and fragmentation, interact with it. Understanding the ecological dynamics of these climatic impacts, identifying hotspots of susceptibility and resilience, and identifying management measures that can help the biosphere adapt to climate change are all necessary. At the same time, ecosystems can help with both climate change mitigation and adaptation. The methods, possibilities, and limitations of such nature-based climate change solutions must be investigated and measured. The relationship of climate change and the biosphere is the subject of this study, which introduces a thematic concern. It examines new ideas on how ecosystems respond to climate change, how to improve ecosystem resilience, and how ecosystems may help meet the problem of a changing climate. It is based on a November 2018 Royal Society-National Academy of Sciences Forum in Washington, DC, where these topics and issues were explored. In order to maximize the potential for preserving a diversified, robust, and well-functioning biosphere under the tough conditions of the twenty-first century, we end by suggesting certain academic research and practical implementation goals.
