Dr, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Chicago, The University of Chicago, USA
Review Article
The Non Mineral Axis Klotho-Vitamin D in Diabetic Nephropathy: Review
Author(s): Farid Nakhoul*
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is metabolic disease associated with hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension that are known as major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Diabetic complications are related to increased oxidative stress due to elevated glucose levels in the plasma. DM patients suffer from higher incidence of micro vascular complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). DN is the leading cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and accounts for approximately 40% of all patients who require replacement therapy. Recently, the proximal tubular damage caused by increased deposition of iron in the lysosomes accompanied with oxidative stress, was described as another mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of DN. The well-known risk factors for DN are uncontrolled glucose levels, genetic factors such as Haptoglobin (Hp) and Angiotensin .. View More»
