Editorial Office, Steroids and Hormonal Science, Germany
Mini Review
Steroid Hormone Receptor Dopaminergic and Ligand-Independent Activation
Author(s): Jennifer Stewart*
Many studies have shown that there is significant cross-talk between
signal transduction pathways and steroid receptors, in addition to the
conventional hormone-dependent regulation of the activity of steroid/
thyroid receptor family members. In some cases, modulation of kinase/
phosphatase activity in cells leads to steroid receptor activation in the
absence of hormone. The glucocorticoid receptor appears to be resistant
to activation, so this novel mechanism may not be universal without the
presence of hormone Estrogen receptors, on the other hand, are Retinoic
acid receptors, progesterone receptors, androgen receptors Retinoic acid
receptors, retinoid X receptors, and vitamin D receptors are examples of
such receptors. Under the right conditions, all of them exhibit ligandindependent
activation. For many years, the prevailing view of how steroid
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