Nandini N.M
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, India
Keynote: J Steroid Horm Sci
Endometrial cancer is the second most common and fourth leading cause of death due to gynaecological malignancy worldwide as recorded in 2020. Global incidence reported in 2020 was 417,367 which constitutes about 2.2% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in that year making it sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In 2020, around 97,370 deaths were attributed to endometrial cancer which is 1% of all deaths due to cancer. Age-standardized incidence is 8.7, and mortality is 1.8/1 lakh population. The incidence of endometrial cancer is seen to be higher in developed countries. In India, the incidence of endometrial cancer is very low as compared to developed countries with a reported incidence of 16,413 cases in 2020. GLOBOCAN 2020 also reported the mortality of 6385 cases and the cumulative risk of diagnosis as 0.75.% The risk factors which are becoming common in urban population are slowly increasing the incidence of endometrial carcinoma. The risk factors like various reproductive factors such as younger age at menarche and late age at menopause, infertility, nulliparity, age at first delivery and long-term use of unopposed oestrogens during hormone replacement therapy has been associated with a significantly increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Since the presence of obesity, PCOS, diabetes, oral contraceptives and tamoxifen therapy is being discussed by many studies these factors have gain importance with increased clinical presentations of abnormal bleeding in women. Few rare conditions like lynchâ??s syndrome The investigations involved with this background are clinical findings, transvaginal sonography TVS, cytology mainly liquid based cytology (LBC) and endometrial biopsy with ki67 marker studies. Conclusion: We are presenting few cases to highlight the importance of various methods of detecting endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma so as to detect these conditions at a much early stage.
Dr Nandini N. M, Professor, JSS Medical College, Mysore, is attached as a teaching faculty from the past 25 years in the department of pathology . She has worked in the field of cytology of cervix and breast. She has attended many national and international conferences in countries like U.K, USA, Singapore and Netherland. She has worked on liquid based cytology, cell block technique and has come up with indegenious methods. She has severeal publications and books to her credit written on cervical and breast cancer.
